In counseling and psychotherapy groups, member-to-member contact outside of group often results in _____ and _____.

In counseling and psychotherapy groups, member-to-member contact outside of group often results in _____ and _____.

• A. Cohesion and Community
• B. Dual and Multi-Layered Relationships
• C. Increased Trust and Cohesion
• D. Formation of Subgroups and Hidden Agendas

Answer: (D)

When members interact outside the group, boundaries around the group process can be compromised, which tends to fragment the group rather than strengthen it. Outside contact often leads to the formation of subgroups or cliques, where smaller cohorts become allies and keep information within their circle. Along with that, hidden agendas can emerge—members may pursue personal goals, power dynamics, or alliances that aren’t aligned with the group’s therapeutic aims, and these ulterior motives are typically kept out of the main group discussion. This combination disrupts equal participation, trust, and transparency, and can undermine safety and cohesion in the group. Positive outcomes like increased cohesion or trust usually require open, in-session interaction and clear boundary management, not outside, covert interactions.

When members interact outside the group, boundaries around the group process can be compromised, which tends to fragment the group rather than strengthen it. Outside contact often leads to the formation of subgroups or cliques, where smaller cohorts become allies and keep information within their circle. Along with that, hidden agendas can emerge—members may pursue personal goals, power dynamics, or alliances that aren’t aligned with the group’s therapeutic aims, and these ulterior motives are typically kept out of the main group discussion. This combination disrupts equal participation, trust, and transparency, and can undermine safety and cohesion in the group. Positive outcomes like increased cohesion or trust usually require open, in-session interaction and clear boundary management, not outside, covert interactions.